2. Anthropomorphism
2.1. Definition of anthropomorphism and anthropopathism
The Oxford English Dictionary describes anthropomorphism as “the attribution of human characteristics or behavior to a god, animal, or object.” I add: “in particular in our case, the attribution of human physical characteristics.”
Another related notion is anthropopathism, defined by the Oxford English dictionary as the attribution of human feeling and emotions to God.
But – anthropomorphism has a full range of meanings, from a material god with a definitive shape, to immaterial god who can take any shape, to an immaterial god with no shape. To be more precise, we must look at three specific questions. According to Tanakh, does God have a body? Is God material, and can he be seen? And does God have human emotions? I investigated these questions in three steps. My first step was – is there a consistent message in Tanakh? When there wasn’t, my second step was – have some Torah scholars found a way to reconcile contradictions that made sense to me? My third step was – were Torah scholars largely unanimous in their understanding?